This course has been developed by (Prof P. K. Ahluwalia Professor,Physics Department,Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla).The Pi of this subject is (Prof. R.P. Tondon Professor, Deptt. of Physics, Univ. of Delhi, New Delhi)and team members/contenr writers are (A.B. Bhattacherjee, (School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi) || A.B. Bhattacherjee, (School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi)).This course is being offered/adopted by this university